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更新時間:2024-06-12
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品牌 | Siemens/西門子 | 產地 | 進口 |
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加工定制 | 是 |
西門子永磁電機線圈壞修完跟原廠狀態一樣
永磁電機空載起動時的故障
現(xian)象(xiang):無聲(sheng)響又(you)不轉動
①先用(yong)萬用(yong)表(biao)查看永磁電(dian)(dian)機接線端子(zi)處的電(dian)(dian)壓(ya),如(ru)果沒有(you)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)或(huo)者只有(you)一(yi)相電(dian)(dian)壓(ya),說明電(dian)(dian)源沒有(you)接通或(huo)者供電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)源有(you)故(gu)障(zhang);
②如果永磁電機接(jie)線端子處三相電壓基(ji)本平衡,說(shuo)明(ming)永磁電機定子繞(rao)組接(jie)線有問題,大可能就是中(zhong)性(xing)點(dian)沒接(jie)好或者引出線沒接(jie)好。
現象:接通(tong)電源后(hou),永磁電機只有嗡(weng)嗡(weng)聲但不轉動
必(bi)須立即斷開電源(yuan),然(ran)后(hou)再仔細(xi)查找原因
①檢(jian)查機(ji)(ji)棫部分是否被卡。這種故障在起動前檢(jian)查電機(ji)(ji)時,看永磁電機(ji)(ji)能否輕(qing)輕(qing)轉動。
②電(dian)(dian)(dian)源電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)過低(di),過低(di)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)永磁電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)很(hen)難啟動(dong)。只要測(ce)定(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)及永磁電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)接線方(fang)式是否正確就能(neng)發現(xian)。
現象:通電(dian)后(hou)起動(dong)電(dian)機,熔(rong)(rong)斷器(qi)很快熔(rong)(rong)斷(或(huo)過流保(bao)護動(dong)作)
①檢查熔(rong)斷器的(de)額(e)定電流與永磁電機容量不匹配;
②永(yong)磁(ci)電機電源(yuan)到(dao)接(jie)線端子(zi)之間(jian)的線路(lu)有相(xiang)間(jian)短(duan)(duan)路(lu)或者(zhe)對地短(duan)(duan)路(lu)。斷開(kai)(kai)電源(yuan)開(kai)(kai)關,拆開(kai)(kai)永(yong)磁(ci)電機接(jie)線頭,利(li)用兆歐表檢查就能發現(xian);
③永磁電機定子繞組或者(zhe)引(yin)出線有相間短路(lu)或者(zhe)接(jie)地。
④永磁電機啟(qi)動后,不能(neng)牽入到同(tong)步轉速(su),啟(qi)動大慣量負載時尤其要(yao)注(zhu)意。
永磁電(dian)機運行(xing)中的異(yi)常
永(yong)(yong)磁(ci)(ci)電機在運(yun)行(xing)(xing)中經常(chang)(chang)(chang)會(hui)出現(xian)一些(xie)不(bu)正(zheng)運(yun)行(xing)(xing)現(xian)象,如(ru):永(yong)(yong)磁(ci)(ci)電機振(zhen)動、永(yong)(yong)磁(ci)(ci)電機過負荷、永(yong)(yong)磁(ci)(ci)電機聲音異常(chang)(chang)(chang)、軸承和線(xian)圈溫度升高(gao)、電流增大及(ji)轉(zhuan)速變化等(deng),這些(xie)異常(chang)(chang)(chang)雖然不(bu)會(hui)使永(yong)(yong)磁(ci)(ci)電機保護動作跳閘(zha),但已(yi)影(ying)響(xiang)到(dao)永(yong)(yong)磁(ci)(ci)電機的安全運(yun)行(xing)(xing)。某(mou)些(xie)異常(chang)(chang)(chang)運(yun)行(xing)(xing)的重(zhong)要永(yong)(yong)磁(ci)(ci)電機,如(ru)不(bu)及(ji)時處理,不(bu)但會(hui)造成永(yong)(yong)磁(ci)(ci)電機本身故(gu)障,還會(hui)引(yin)起停機等(deng)重(zhong)大事故(gu)。
永磁電機缺(que)相運(yun)行
現象:電流表指示上升(sheng)或為零;永磁電機(ji)本體溫度升(sheng)高,同時振動增加,聲音異常。
處理:永(yong)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)電機(ji)的(de)缺(que)相(xiang)運(yun)行(xing)就(jiu)是(shi)三相(xiang)永(yong)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)電機(ji)因(yin)某(mou)種原因(yin)造成回(hui)路(lu)一相(xiang)斷開時(shi)的(de)運(yun)行(xing)方式(shi)。首先檢查是(shi)電源缺(que)相(xiang)還是(shi)永(yong)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)電機(ji)定子回(hui)路(lu)的(de)故障。防止永(yong)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)電機(ji)缺(que)相(xiang)運(yun)行(xing)的(de)方法之一就(jiu)是(shi)靠值班(ban)員的(de)判斷,發現(xian)后(hou)及時(shi)處理;二就(jiu)是(shi)在永(yong)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)電機(ji)回(hui)路(lu)中(zhong)加裝缺(que)相(xiang)保(bao)護器
永(yong)磁電機本(ben)體發熱
現象:永磁電(dian)機(ji)在運(yun)行(xing)中本(ben)體(ti)溫(wen)度(du)和(he)溫(wen)升比正常運(yun)行(xing)時顯著(zhu)升高,而且電(dian)流增加。
處理(li):
①檢查所(suo)帶機(ji)械負荷是否(fou)有(you)摩擦或卡澀現象;
②檢查機械負(fu)荷是(shi)否增(zeng)大(da),若(ruo)是(shi),應(ying)減少負(fu)荷,至溫度穩定;
③檢查永磁電機通風系統是否有故障,同時應(ying)降低負荷;
④檢查永(yong)磁(ci)電機各相電流是(shi)否平(ping)衡,判斷(duan)定子繞(rao)組故(gu)障還是(shi)缺(que)相運行(xing)。
永磁電機發生振動
①永磁電機(ji)與所帶(dai)機(ji)械中心不一致;
②永磁電機轉子不(bu)平衡;
③永磁電機軸承損(sun)壞;
④永磁電機(ji)基(ji)礎強度不夠或地腳螺(luo)絲松動;
⑤永(yong)磁(ci)電(dian)機(ji)缺相運行(xing)。若(ruo)永(yong)磁(ci)電(dian)機(ji)振動(dong)超出允許值范圖,應立即(ji)停止(zhi)永(yong)磁(ci)電(dian)機(ji)運行(xing)。
永磁電(dian)機聲(sheng)音異(yi)常
①永磁電機機械方面的原因(yin):軸承(cheng)聲(sheng)音不正常,如因(yin)缺(que)油(you)造成的,應(ying)立(li)即(ji)加油(you);若軸承(cheng)已損壞,應(ying)立(li)即(ji)停止運行(xing);
②電(dian)氣方面的原因(yin):查(cha)看電(dian)壓及(ji)頻率是否正(zheng)常;查(cha)三相(xiang)定子電(dian)流是否平衡,判斷是否有斷線(xian)現象或燒組內部有匝間短路情(qing)況(kuang)。
永(yong)磁電機(ji)燒機(ji)
三相異步永磁電(dian)機燒機的(de)原因總結可以(yi)分(fen)為(wei);負載,電(dian)源、電(dian)機絕(jue)緣、缺(que)相。
負載(過載)
超過(guo)載運(yun)行,導(dao)致(zhi)電(dian)(dian)機發熱(re)(re)。或者電(dian)(dian)機啟(qi)動頻(pin)繁,導(dao)致(zhi)電(dian)(dian)機過(guo)熱(re)(re)。這(zhe)種的(de)(de)燒機會出現電(dian)(dian)機內部定(ding)轉子兩端都會燒黑(hei),燒黑(hei)的(de)(de)部位比較均(jun)勻(一般電(dian)(dian)機都有(you)一個(ge)因定(ding)的(de)(de)運(yun)行功率,稱(cheng)之為額定(ding)功率,單位為瓦(W),如果在(zai)某種情況(kuang)下使電(dian)(dian)機的(de)(de)實際使用功率超過(guo)電(dian)(dian)機的(de)(de)額定(ding)功率,則(ze)稱(cheng)這(zhe)種現象為電(dian)(dian)機過(guo)載)
電源(yuan)
電(dian)壓過低(di)加上(shang)負載(zai)在額定(ding)情(qing)況下,電(dian)流(liu)加大,電(dian)機過熱。電(dian)源電(dian)壓過高,燒(shao)機。或(huo)者(zhe)電(dian)機缺相運行。這種情(qing)況比較少,也很容易判(pan)斷,主要是線路有(you)燒(shao)灼的痕跡(ji)。
絕緣
電機(ji)內部(bu)絕(jue)緣(yuan)不(bu)符(fu)合標(biao)準(zhun),存在匝間(jian)相(xiang)間(jian)短路。或(huo)者內部(bu)接(jie)線錯誤。這(zhe)種燒(shao)機(ji)與過載燒(shao)機(ji)有的時候容易混淆,定(ding)轉子同(tong)樣會(hui)燒(shao)黑,不(bu)過在短路部(bu)位會(hui)有明顯的燒(shao)灼痕跡,比如有的時候會(hui)出(chu)現銅鎦,繞組局(ju)部(bu)嚴重燒(shao)毀。
缺相燒機
永(yong)磁(ci)電(dian)機是星(xing)形(Y)接(jie)法:有兩相繞組會燒掉,可以用兆歐表(搖(yao)表)測量出兩相繞組對(dui)地絕緣破(po)壞。
永磁電(dian)機故障檢測方(fang)法
永磁(ci)電機不轉但有嗡(weng)嗡(weng)聲
測(ce)量永(yong)磁(ci)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)接線柱,若三相(xiang)電(dian)(dian)壓平(ping)衡且為(wei)額定電(dian)(dian)壓值,可(ke)判斷是嚴(yan)重(zhong)過載(zai),檢查(cha)的(de)步驟:先去(qu)掉負(fu)載(zai),這時永(yong)磁(ci)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)的(de)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)速與聲音正常,可(ke)以判定過載(zai)或者(zhe)負(fu)載(zai)機(ji)(ji)械部分(fen)有故障,若仍然不(bu)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)動(dong)(dong),可(ke)用手(shou)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)一下永(yong)磁(ci)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)軸,如果很(hen)緊(jin)或轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)不(bu)動(dong)(dong),再(zai)測(ce)三相(xiang)電(dian)(dian)流,若三相(xiang)電(dian)(dian)流平(ping)衡,但比額定值大,說明永(yong)磁(ci)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)的(de)機(ji)(ji)械部分(fen)被卡住(zhu),可(ke)能是永(yong)磁(ci)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)缺油,軸承(cheng)銹死,或損(sun)壞(huai)嚴(yan)重(zhong),端蓋(gai)(gai)或者(zhe)油蓋(gai)(gai)裝的(de)太斜,轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)子和內膛(tang)相(xiang)碰(掃膛(tang))當用手(shou)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)永(yong)磁(ci)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)軸到(dao)某一角(jiao)度時感到(dao)比較吃力或聽到(dao)周期性(xing)的(de)擦(ca)擦(ca)聲,可(ke)判斷為(wei)掃膛(tang)。
永(yong)磁電機轉(zhuan)速慢且有嗡(weng)嗡(weng)
這種故(gu)障表(biao)現為軸振動(dong),若(ruo)測得一(yi)(yi)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)為零(ling),而(er)另兩相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)大(da)大(da)超過(guo)額定電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu),說明是(shi)兩相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)運(yun)轉,其原因(yin)是(shi):電(dian)(dian)(dian)路或(huo)者電(dian)(dian)(dian)源一(yi)(yi)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)斷(duan)路,或(huo)永(yong)磁(ci)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)繞(rao)組(zu)一(yi)(yi)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)斷(duan)路。小容量(liang)(liang)(liang)的永(yong)磁(ci)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)可以用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)萬(wan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)表(biao)直接測量(liang)(liang)(liang)是(shi)否通斷(duan)。中等容量(liang)(liang)(liang)的永(yong)磁(ci)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)由于繞(rao)組(zu)多采(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)多根(gen)導(dao)線(xian)并(bing)(bing)繞(rao)多支(zhi)路并(bing)(bing)聯(lian),其中若(ruo)斷(duan)掉若(ruo)干根(gen)或(huo)斷(duan)開一(yi)(yi)條并(bing)(bing)聯(lian)支(zhi)路時檢(jian)查起來就比較麻煩(fan),這樣的情況(kuang)通常(chang)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)平衡法或(huo)者電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)法。電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)法用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)橋測量(liang)(liang)(liang)三相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)繞(rao)組(zu)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu),如三相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)差百分(fen)五以上,電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)較大(da)的一(yi)(yi)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)為斷(duan)路相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)。
接地故障的檢測方法
用搖表(biao)檢測電(dian)機(ji)(ji)繞(rao)(rao)組對(dui)地(di)(di)的(de)絕緣(yuan)電(dian)阻,當絕緣(yuan)電(dian)阻低(di)于(yu)0.2兆歐時(shi),說明(ming)(ming)電(dian)機(ji)(ji)嚴重受潮。用萬用表(biao)電(dian)阻檔或校(xiao)驗(yan)(yan)燈(deng)逐步檢查(cha),如果(guo)電(dian)阻較小(xiao)或者校(xiao)驗(yan)(yan)燈(deng)較暗說明(ming)(ming)該項繞(rao)(rao)組嚴重受潮,需要烘干處理,如果(guo)電(dian)阻為零或者校(xiao)驗(yan)(yan)燈(deng)接(jie)(jie)(jie)近(jin)正常亮度(du),那么該項已(yi)近(jin)接(jie)(jie)(jie)地(di)(di)了。繞(rao)(rao)組接(jie)(jie)(jie)地(di)(di)一般(ban)發生在永(yong)磁電(dian)機(ji)(ji)出線(xian)孔,電(dian)源線(xian)的(de)進線(xian)孔或繞(rao)(rao)組伸出槽口處對(dui)于(yu)后(hou)一種情況,若發現接(jie)(jie)(jie)地(di)(di)并不嚴重,可將竹片或絕緣(yuan)紙插入定(ding)子(zi)鐵(tie)芯與繞(rao)(rao)組之間(jian),如經檢查(cha)已(yi)不接(jie)(jie)(jie)地(di)(di),可包(bao)扎(zha)并涂絕緣(yuan)漆(qi)后(hou)繼續使用。
繞組短路故障的檢測方法(fa)
繞(rao)組短(duan)(duan)路情況(kuang)有匝間短(duan)(duan)路,相間短(duan)(duan)路。
① 利用(yong)兆(zhao)(zhao)歐表(biao)或(huo)者(zhe)萬用(yong)表(biao)檢(jian)查(cha)任意(yi)兩相(xiang)間的絕(jue)緣電阻,如發現在(zai)0.2兆(zhao)(zhao)歐一下(xia)或(huo)為(wei)零說明是相(xiang)間短路(lu)。(檢(jian)查(cha)時(shi)應將永(yong)磁電機(ji)引(yin)線的所有(you)連線拆(chai)開(kai)) ;
② 分(fen)別測量(liang)三(san)相繞組(zu)的(de)電流,電流大的(de)為(wei)短(duan)路(lu)相;
③ 用短(duan)路探測(ce)器檢查繞組(zu)間短(duan)路 ;
④ 用電橋(qiao)測量(liang)三相繞組電阻,電阻小的為短路(lu)相。
⑤ 永(yong)磁電機(ji)運轉時有噪聲
故(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)分永磁(ci)電機的(de)(de)機械(xie)部分和電磁(ci)部分,區分方(fang)法:先使永磁(ci)電機通電運(yun)行(xing),仔細(xi)聽(ting)運(yun)轉的(de)(de)聲音,然后(hou)停(ting)電,讓(rang)永磁(ci)電機借慣性繼續運(yun)行(xing),若這(zhe)時不正常的(de)(de)聲音消(xiao)失,說(shuo)明是永磁(ci)電機電磁(ci)方(fang)面的(de)(de)故(gu)障(zhang)(zhang),否(fou)則是永磁(ci)電機機械(xie)方(fang)面的(de)(de)故(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)。
機械(xie)噪聲:
① 軸(zhou)(zhou)承發(fa)出的噪聲,可(ke)能是軸(zhou)(zhou)承鋼珠破損(sun),潤滑油太少(shao),這時,將(jiang)一螺絲刀頭部頂在軸(zhou)(zhou)承油蓋得外面,柄部附耳(er)旁,可(ke)聽到咕嚕咕嚕的聲音;
② 空氣摩察產生的(de)噪聲(sheng)。這種聲(sheng)音很(hen)均勻,不是很(hen)強烈,可判斷為正(zheng)常(chang)。;
③ 永磁電(dian)機掃膛(tang)引(yin)起(qi)的噪聲(sheng),這種噪聲(sheng)的特點是(shi)(shi)有(you)嚓(ca)嚓(ca)的聲(sheng)音,對于(yu)剛修過(guo)的永磁電(dian)機,運行時若發現有(you)噪聲(sheng),可檢(jian)查電(dian)流是(shi)(shi)否(fou)平衡(heng),轉(zhuan)(zhuan)動是(shi)(shi)否(fou)靈活(huo),轉(zhuan)(zhuan)速是(shi)(shi)否(fou)達到額(e)定(ding)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)速,如無以上問題(ti),可能是(shi)(shi)定(ding)子槽(cao)(cao)內絕緣(yuan)紙或竹屑突出于(yu)槽(cao)(cao)口外,致使(shi)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)子與其相摩察這時聲(sheng)音的特點是(shi)(shi)既(ji)尖又高。
電(dian)磁噪聲:
① 轉(zhuan)子(zi)(zi)和(he)定(ding)子(zi)(zi)長度(du)配合不好,轉(zhuan)子(zi)(zi)長度(du)指(zhi)一個軸(zhou)(zhou)承到另(ling)一個軸(zhou)(zhou)承的(de)距離,定(ding)子(zi)(zi)長度(du)指(zhi)從一個軸(zhou)(zhou)承室到另(ling)一個軸(zhou)(zhou)承室的(de)距離,正常情況下,定(ding)子(zi)(zi)長度(du)比轉(zhuan)子(zi)(zi)長度(du)略長一點,如相差太(tai)多,可能(neng)出現一種(zhong)低沉(chen)的(de)“嗡"聲。
② 轉(zhuan)子軸向移(yi)位,這種移(yi)位也(ye)可(ke)能發生電磁噪聲(sheng),而且造成空載電流(liu)增大,永(yong)磁電機的電池性能降低;
③ 定子,轉(zhuan)子槽數配合不當(dang),裝配過程中錯裝了另(ling)外的轉(zhuan)子;
④ 定子(zi)(zi)轉子(zi)(zi)間(jian)(jian)氣(qi)息不均(jun)(jun)勻(yun),定子(zi)(zi)轉子(zi)(zi)失圓(yuan),也可能是軸有輕(qing)微的彎曲等。永(yong)磁電機繞組缺(que)相,匝間(jian)(jian)短路,相間(jian)(jian)短路,過載運行(xing)等均(jun)(jun)能引起電磁噪聲。
定子繞組(zu)接地(di)
① 冒(mao)煙法(fa):對于接地(di)繞組,在鐵(tie)芯與線圈間加以較低電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya),用調(diao)壓(ya)(ya)器調(diao)節電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya),限制電(dian)(dian)流在5安內,以防(fang)燒損鐵(tie)芯,電(dian)(dian)流通(tong)過接地(di)點時(shi),在故(gu)障(zhang)處產生熱量,繞組絕緣會冒(mao)煙,甚至產生火花,從而(er)發生故(gu)障(zhang)點;
② 電(dian)流(liu)定向(xiang)法:將故障的一(yi)相(xiang)首相(xiang)和尾(wei)相(xiang)相(xiang)連,接(jie)入被測電(dian)路,線圈(quan)內(nei)的電(dian)流(liu)方向(xiang)如圖,兩電(dian)流(liu)一(yi)同(tong)流(liu)向(xiang)接(jie)地(di)點(dian),在(zai)槽(cao)頂放一(yi)小(xiao)(xiao)磁針(zhen),逐(zhu)槽(cao)移動,小(xiao)(xiao)磁針(zhen)改變(bian)方向(xiang)的地(di)點(dian),就是接(jie)地(di)點(dian)所在(zai)槽(cao),再把(ba)小(xiao)(xiao)磁針(zhen)沿著(zhu)槽(cao)做軸向(xiang)移動,小(xiao)(xiao)磁針(zhen)在(zai)故障點(dian)又會改變(bian)方向(xiang),那么(me)這點(dian)就為(wei)接(jie)地(di)點(dian)。
為了保證異步(bu)永磁(ci)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)的(de)安(an)全運(yun)行,必須掌握有(you)關異步(bu)永磁(ci)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)的(de)安(an)全運(yun)行的(de)基本知識,加強巡回(hui)檢查和維護,做到盡可能(neng)地及時發(fa)現并消除(chu)永磁(ci)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)的(de)事故隱患,保證永磁(ci)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)安(an)全運(yun)行。
西門子永磁電機線圈壞修完跟原廠狀態一樣